Recognition of herpesviruses by the innate immune system

Recognition of Staphylococcus aureus by the innate immune system.

The gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus is a major pathogen responsible for a variety of diseases ranging from minor skin infections to life-threatening conditions such as sepsis. Cell wall-associated and secreted proteins (e.g., protein A, hemolysins, and phenol-soluble modulin) and cell wall components (e.g., peptidoglycan and alanylated lipoteichoic acid) have been shown to be infl...

Recognition of Viruses by the Innate Immune System

Avian Bornaviruses Escape Recognition by the Innate Immune System

Like other pathogens that readily persist in animal hosts, members of the Bornaviridae family have evolved effective mechanisms to evade the innate immune response. The prototype of this virus family, Borna disease virus employs an unusual replication strategy that removes the triphosphates from the 5' termini of the viral RNA genome. This strategy allows the virus to avoid activation of RIG-I ...

Innate immune recognition by stimulatory immunoreceptors.

The speci®city of cells of the innate immune system is determined in part by various stimulatory receptors that function in different forms of immune recognition. NKG2D, a stimulatory receptor expressed by natural killer (NK) cells, macrophages and certain T cell subsets, recognizes various families ofìnduced-self' ligands. The ligands are distantly related to class I MHC molecules and are indu...

Innate immune recognition.

The innate immune system is a universal and ancient form of host defense against infection. Innate immune recognition relies on a limited number of germline-encoded receptors. These receptors evolved to recognize conserved products of microbial metabolism produced by microbial pathogens, but not by the host. Recognition of these molecular structures allows the immune system to distinguish infec...